Common medications for depression
Depression is one of the most common mood disorders and can significantly affect quality of life. Fortunately, there are many effective treatments for depression, including medications. In this article, we will detail the different types of medications used to treat depression and how they work.
The main types of antidepressant drugs
- Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs):
- Mechanism of action: These drugs work by increasing the level of serotonin in the brain, a neurotransmitter associated with mood and happiness.
- Examples: fluoxetine (Prozac), sertraline (Zoloft), paroxetine (Paxil).
- Features: It is considered one of the safest and most effective drugs, and causes fewer side effects than other drugs.
- Serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs):
- Mechanism of action: These drugs increase the level of both serotonin and norepinephrine in the brain.
- Examples: venlafaxine (Effexor), dufluoxetine (Synpelta).
- Features: Effective in treating depression and anxiety, and may be helpful for people who don’t respond to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.
- Tricyclic antidepressants:
- Mechanism of action: It increases the levels of serotonin, norepinephrine and epinephrine.
- Examples: amitriptyline, nortriptyline.
- Features: Effective in treating major depression, but may cause more side effects than modern medications.
- Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs):
- Mechanism of action: Inhibits the action of the enzyme monoamine oxidase, which breaks down neurotransmitters such as serotonin and norepinephrine.
- Examples: phenylsine, tranylcipromine.
- Features: Effective in treatment-resistant depression, but requires a special diet and interacts with many other medications.
- Other drugs:
- Atypical antidepressants: such as bubarion (Wellbutrin) and mirtazapine (Remeron).
- Antipsychotic medications: may be used in cases of major depression with psychotic symptoms.
Choosing the right drug
Choosing the right medication depends on several factors, including:
- Type of depression and severity of symptoms:
- Patient history:
- Other medications taken by the patient:
- Possible side effects:
The doctor should only prescribe antidepressant medications, determine the appropriate dose and duration of treatment.
Side effects
Side effects of antidepressant medications vary depending on the type of medication and dosage. Some common side effects include:
- Headaches
- Dizziness
- Nausea
- Sleep disorders
- Weight gain or loss
- Dry mouth
- Sexual disorders
The importance of continuing treatment
It is important to continue taking the medication even if you begin to feel better, as it may take a while for the full effect of the drug to appear. You should also avoid stopping the medication abruptly, as this may lead to withdrawal symptoms.
Antidepressant medications play a vital role in treating depression, but they should be part of a comprehensive treatment plan that also includes psychotherapy. It is important to consult a psychiatrist or general practitioner to determine the best treatment options.
Note: This article aims to provide general information and does not replace the need to consult a specialist.
