Many people feel anxious or panic at some time of their lives, but these two terms are often confused. Although there are similarities, there are fundamental differences in the nature, symptoms, and causes of these conditions. In this article, we’ll learn about the difference between a panic attack and generalized anxiety disorder, explore the common symptoms of each, possible causes, and how to distinguish them.
Chapter One: What is Anxiety?
Anxiety is a natural reaction to stress and difficult situations. It is a feeling of stress and anxiety about the future, often linked to specific events. Anxiety can sometimes be helpful, prompting us to move and take precautions. However, when anxiety becomes excessive and persistent, it turns into a generalized anxiety disorder.
Symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder:
- Excessive and persistent anxiety about a wide range of topics.
- Difficulty relaxing.
- Constant tension.
- Difficulty concentrating.
- Fatigue and exhaustion.
- Insomnia or difficulty sleeping.
- Irritability and nervousness.
- Disorders of the gastrointestinal tract.
Chapter Two: What is a panic attack?
A panic attack is a sudden and severe attack of fear or discomfort. These seizures are often accompanied by severe physical symptoms, such as:
- Rapid heartbeat.
- Shortness of breath.
- Feeling of suffocation.
- Dizziness or vertigo.
- Feeling unrealistic or detached from oneself.
- Fear of losing control or dying.
The difference between anxiety and a panic attack:
| Attribute | Generalized anxiety | Panic attack |
|---|---|---|
| Nature | Constant feeling of stress and anxiety | Sudden and severe attack of fear |
| Symptoms | Broad-spectrum, including stress, difficulty concentrating, insomnia | Significantly physical, such as tachycardia and shortness of breath |
| Stimuli | Wide range of situations and fears | They often occur suddenly and for no apparent reason |
| Duration | Continuous for a long time | Short-term, usually lasting a few minutes |
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Chapter Three: Causes of Panic and Anxiety
The exact causes of panic attacks and generalized anxiety disorder aren’t fully understood, but there are many factors that may contribute to their occurrence, including:
- Genetic factors: There is evidence that some people are more likely to develop these disorders due to genetic factors.
- Brain chemistry: An imbalance of brain chemicals, such as serotonin and norepinephrine, may play a role.
- Environment: Traumatic events, constant stress, and difficult childhood may increase the risk of anxiety and panic.
Chapter Four: Diagnosis and Treatment
To diagnose generalized anxiety disorder or panic attacks, the psychiatrist interviews the patient and asks him or her to describe his symptoms in detail. Some medical tests may also be done to rule out possible physical causes of symptoms.
Treatment options:
- Psychotherapy: such as cognitive behavioral therapy, which helps the patient change his thinking patterns and behavior.
- Medications: Your doctor may prescribe antidepressant medications or other medications to relieve symptoms.
- Relaxation techniques: such as meditation and yoga, which help reduce stress and anxiety.
Anxiety and panic attacks are common disorders that can significantly affect quality of life. However, there are many effective treatments available. If you experience symptoms of anxiety or panic, it’s important to talk to a doctor or mental health professional.
