Lung cancer is one of the deadliest cancers in the world. It is highly related to smoking, but it can also affect non-smokers. Early diagnosis of lung cancer is vital to increase the chances of recovery, so it’s important to understand the diagnosis process and procedures.
Symptoms of Lung Cancer
Symptoms of lung cancer may not appear in its early stages, but as the disease progresses, some common symptoms may appear, such as:
- Persistent cough: may be dry or accompanied by phlegm.
- Difficulty breathing: shortness of breath or wheezing.
- Chest pain: especially when coughing or breathing deeply.
- Hoarseness: as a result of the tumor spreading to the vocal cords.
- Unexplained weight loss: Significant weight loss without any apparent reason.
- Fatigue and fatigue: feeling of constant fatigue and general weakness.
- Bloody cough: the appearance of blood in the sputum.
The importance of early diagnosis
Early screening for lung cancer can significantly increase the chances of recovery. The earlier the disease is detected, the greater the chances of successful treatment.
How is lung cancer diagnosed?
A diagnosis of lung cancer includes a range of tests and procedures, including:
- Medical history and physical exam: Your doctor will ask about your medical history and symptoms, and will physically examine you.
- Chest X-ray: It is the first examination that is usually performed, and helps detect any lump or abnormal changes in the lungs.
- Computed tomography (CT scan): provides more detailed images of the lungs and allows the doctor to see small tumors and enlarged lymph nodes.
- Endoscopy: A procedure in which a thin tube with a small camera is inserted through the mouth or nose into the lungs, allowing the doctor to examine the inside of the lungs and take tissue samples.
- Biopsy: A small sample of suspicious tissue is taken for analysis under a microscope and confirmation of the presence of cancer cells.
- Other tests: Your doctor may need other tests such as magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography (PET scan) to assess the spread of the cancer.
Stages of lung cancer
Lung cancer is divided into several stages based on the size of the tumor and how far it has spread. Each stage has different treatment options and an impact on the patient’s expectations.
Lung Cancer Treatment
Treatment for lung cancer depends on several factors, including the stage and type of cancer and the patient’s general health condition. Treatment options may include:
- Surgery: to remove the tumor and the affected part of the lung.
- Chemotherapy: The use of drugs to kill cancer cells.
- Radiation therapy: The use of high-energy beams to kill cancer cells.
- Targeted therapy: The use of drugs that target specific genes or proteins in cancer cells.
- Immunotherapy: Enhance the immune system’s ability to fight cancer cells.
Lung Cancer Prevention
The best way to prevent lung cancer is to quit smoking and avoid exposure to carcinogens. Routine medical check-ups should also be done, especially for people at risk of developing the disease.
The bottom line
Diagnosing lung cancer at an early stage is key to increasing the chances of recovery. If you experience any of the above symptoms, consult your doctor immediately.
Note: This article is for general information purposes only and should not be used as a substitute for consulting a physician.
