Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive neurological disorder that significantly affects memory, thinking, and behavior. One of the most prominent features of this disease is the behavioral and cognitive changes that occur gradually and significantly affect the life of the patient and his family. In this article, we will detail these changes, how they develop as the disease progresses, and how they can be dealt with.
Cognitive changes: gradual loss of mental abilities
- Memory: Memory problems are one of the most prominent early symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease. Sufferers have difficulty remembering recent events, names of people, and places. As the disease progresses, they may forget basic information about their lives.
- Language: Alzheimer’s patients have difficulty finding the right words, understanding written and spoken language, and expressing their thoughts.
- Attention and concentration: Sufferers have difficulty concentrating on one task, following conversations, and solving minor problems.
- Spatial abilities: The patient may have difficulty recognizing familiar places, driving, and following directions.
Behavioral changes: effects on personality and mood
- Mood changes: Alzheimer’s patients may experience mood changes, such as depression, anxiety, and irritability.
- Changes in behavior: May exhibit unusual behaviors, such as repetition, aggressiveness, and impulsivity.
- Personality changes: The patient’s personality may change significantly, becoming more introverted or aggressive.
- Delusions and hallucinations: In the advanced stages of the disease, the patient may experience delusions and hallucinations.
Causes of these changes
These behavioral and cognitive changes occur as a result of damage to neurons in the areas of the brain responsible for memory, learning and language. The main reasons for these changes include:
- Accumulation of amyloid plaques: These plaques damage nerve cells and disrupt communication between them.
- Neurofibrillar synapses: These synapses affect the functioning of neurons and lead to their death.
- Inflammation: Inflammation in the brain damages nerve cells and releases harmful chemicals.
Stages of disease development and concomitant changes
- Early stage: Mild symptoms such as forgetting recent events and difficulty finding words appear.
- Intermediate stage: Symptoms worsen, and the patient has difficulty performing daily activities, such as driving and cooking.
- Late stage: The patient loses the ability to communicate effectively and is dependent on others in all aspects of his life.
How to deal with these changes
- Patient and clear communication: You must communicate with the patient patiently and clearly, and avoid arguing or constant correction.
- Provide a safe and familiar environment: Provide a safe and familiar environment for the patient, and minimize changes in the daily routine.
- Provide emotional support: Emotional support should be provided to the patient and their family, and encouraged to participate in support groups.
- Drug therapy: Medications may be used to relieve symptoms, such as antipsychotic medications and antidepressant medications.
- Occupational therapy: Occupational therapy can help the patient maintain greater independence.
Alzheimer’s disease is a complex disease that affects all aspects of a patient’s and family’s life. Understanding the behavioral and cognitive changes associated with the disease helps to provide appropriate care to the patient and alleviate his suffering.
