Intestinal secrets revealed through the lens of an endoscope
A colonoscopy is a medical procedure in which a thin, flexible tube containing a small camera is inserted into the rectum and colon, to examine the lining of the colon and rectum for any infections, tumours, or other medical conditions. Colonoscopy is one of the most important diagnostic tools used in evaluating gastrointestinal diseases, such as ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease and colon cancer.
What is a colonoscopy?
A colonoscopy is a relatively simple and safe medical procedure, performed under superficial or general anaesthesia. The tube (endoscope) is inserted into the rectum, and air is then blown into the colon to make it easier to see the tissue. The camera at the end of the endoscope takes pictures of tissue, which are displayed on a monitor. During this procedure, your doctor can take small samples of tissue (biopsy) for examination under a microscope.
Why is a colonoscopy performed?
Colonoscopy is performed for many reasons, including:
- Diagnosis of colon diseases: such as ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease, colon infections, benign and malignant tumours.
- Follow-up of disease progression: After angioscopy, a colonoscopy may be used to monitor the progression of the disease and respond to treatment.
- Removal of polyps or polyps: Polyps or small polyps can be removed during a colonoscopy, reducing the risk of them developing into malignant tumours.
Preparations for colonoscopy
Before performing a colonoscopy, the patient must follow some guidelines, including:
- Fasting for a certain period: Before the endoscopy, the patient must fast from food and drink for a certain period, as instructed by the doctor.
- Take laxatives: The patient is given special laxatives to completely empty the intestines before the endoscopic procedure.
- Taking certain medications: Your doctor may ask you to stop taking certain medications before the endoscope, such as aspirin and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
Colonoscopy procedure
Colonoscopy is performed on an outpatient or hospital basis. The procedure usually takes 30 to 60 minutes. After the procedure, the patient needs a short break before returning home.
Dangers of colonoscopy
Although colonoscopy is safe, it may be associated with certain risks, such as:
- Bleeding: Light bleeding may occur after a biopsy.
- Perforation of the colon: This is a rare but dangerous risk.
- Allergic reactions to tranquilizers: Some people may develop an allergy to sedatives used during the procedure.
After a colonoscopy procedure
After a colonoscopy, the patient may feel some discomfort and flatulence, but these symptoms usually go away after a short time. The patient must follow the doctor’s instructions after the endoscopic procedure.
When should a colonoscopy be performed?
Routine colonoscopy is recommended for adults age 50 and older, as well as for people with a family history of colon cancer or with symptoms such as:
- Blood in faces
- Chronic diarrheal
- Persistent abdominal pain
- Unexplained weight loss
- Change in bowel habits
The bottom line
Colonoscopy is a safe and effective procedure for diagnosing and treating many colorectal diseases. If you experience any of the above symptoms, consult your doctor to discuss the benefits and risks of a colonoscopy.
Note: This article is for informational purposes only and should not be used as a substitute for medical advice. Always consult your doctor for proper diagnosis and treatment
